Editor:

Frederick Cubbage, North Carolina State University, USA

Associate Editors:

Glenn Galloway,  Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica
Erin Sills, North Carolina State University, USA
Patricio Mac Donagh, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNAM), Argentina
Constance McDermott and Chad Oliver, Yale University, USA
Antonio Higa, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Brasil

Managing Editor: Kyra Johnson, NC State University

The Encyclopedia

Forests and Forestry in the Americas: An Encyclopedia is a web-based encyclopedia, which will have approximately 300 separate entries, contributed by forest and natural resource scholars and experts.  The audience for the encyclopedia generally will be persons not familiar with forestry, including the general public and students through graduate work, teachers, journalists, and professionals who want a brief summary of a subject outside their area of expertise.  The Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the International Society of Tropical Foresters are sponsoring this encyclopedia through cooperation with their working groups and members.  We currently have about 90 articles posted on this site, and about 60 more in preparation.  We are still seeking authors for more subjects that we have identified, or do consider suggestions from those who want to contribute.  Details are described below. 

Contents

Countries and Regions                                                        Forest Policies and Administration  

Forest Biology and Ecology                                                 Forest Products and Manufacturing    

Forest Measurements and Monitoring                              Current and Historical Issues

Forest Management                                                              Leading Figures

Forest Ownership, Tenure, and Social Systems               

Countries and Regions

Forests in the Americas: An Overview
Frederick Cubbage, Kathleen McGinley, and Ramya Mohan

Argentina
Patricio MacDonagh

Argentina: Development of Forestry and Plantations
Hugo Fassola

Brazilian Amazon
A. Veríssimo and M. Lentini

Canada: Quebec
Yves Claveau, Christian Messier, and Julie Poulin

Caribbean
Kathleen McGinley

Chile: Forest Resources Overview
Miguel Espinosa and Eduardo Acuña

Chile: Forest Species and Stand Types
Pablo J. Donoso and Claudio Donoso

Costa Rica
Róger Villalobos, David Quirós

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Glenn Galloway

Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
Bastiaan Louman

Mexico
Heather Huppe

Puerto Rico
Ariel L. Lugo

Peru
Bastiaan Louman

United States
David Darr and W. Brad Smith

United States Northeast
Perry M. Hagenstein

United States Pacific Northwest
Hal Salwasser

United States Southwest
Marlin Johnson

Uruguay
Zohra Bennadji

Venezuela
Armando Torres-Lezama

Entries in Preparation

Canada - Quebec                                          Christian Messier
USA North Central                                          Karen Potter Witter
Bolivia                                                            Marelos Pena and Michael Dockry
Brazil                                                              Jose Siquiera 
Colombia                                                        Jose Romero
Paraguay                                                       Greg Frey and Victor Vidal
Oceania                                                         Chris Goulding

Forest Biology and Ecology 

Afforestation
Bruce Zobel

Coppice Systems
Glenn Galloway

Forest Biotechnology
Robert Kellison

Forest Biotechnology: Drawbacks and Myths
Neil Carman

Genetic or Gene Conservation
W.S. Dvorak

High Conservation Value Forests
Jeffrey Hayward

Reforestation
Glenn Galloway

Silvics
Robert Teskey

Silviculture Systems, Silvicultural Operations, and Silvicultural Pathways
Chad Oliver and Glenn Galloway

Stand Development
Chad Oliver

Tree Improvement
Claire Williams

Entries in Preparation

Forest Types in the Americas                           Doug Frederick and Pablo Donoso
Natural Forest Stand Development
  in the Pacific Northwest                                   Jerry Franklin
Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems                   Tom Kwak
Fertilization and Nutrition                                  Lee Allen
Entomology                                                       Dan Robison
Air Pollution                                                       Ellis Cowling and Cari Furiness
Pino ponderosa in Patagonia                           Ernesto Andenmatten
Mahogany                                                         Laura Snook

Forest Measurements and Monitoring

Environmental Impact Assessment
Gary Blank

Forest Health Monitoring
Borys Tkacz

Forest Inventory and Analysis
Greg Reams

Forest Inventory and Sampling Design
Bastiaan Louman

Measurement of Trees, Forests, and Forest Products
Harold Burkhart

Wildlife Habitat Assessment
John Kilgo

Entries in Preparation

Forest Inventory and Sampling                        Bronson Bullock
Information Technology                                   Greg Oderwald
Nonmarket Valuation                                        Erin Sills
Recreation Use and Preferences                     Ken Cordell
Social Impact Assessments                              Maureen McDonough

Forest Management  

Adaptive Management
Glenn Galloway

Agroforestry
P.K. Ramachandran Nair and Andrew Gordon

Allowable Cut and Allowable Cut Effect
Joseph Roise

Ecosystem Management
Chad Oliver

Effects of Forest Management on Wildlife
Chris Moorman

Exotic Forest Plantations
Jesús Espinoza and Ronalds Gonzalez

Financial Analysis
Larry Teeter

Forest Economics
Janaki Alavalapati

Forest Roads
Patricio Mac Donagh

Forest Valuation and the Net Present Value Concept
Gullermo Navaro

Hardwood Management: Stand Improvement Cutting
Douglas Frederick and Pablo Donoso

Harvest Scheduling
Joseph Roise

Harvesting Wood in Brazil
Jorge, Ricardo, & Rafael Malinovski

Integrated Pest Management
Fred Hain

Silvopastoral Systems in Latin America
Gustavo Ferreira

Tropical Natural Forest Management
Francis E. Putz

Water Quality
George Ice

Water Quantity
Ken Brooks

Wildfire
John Stanturf

Wildlife Management
Mike Mengak

Entries in Preparation

Forest Management Plans                                 Norm Johnson
Landscape Management                                   JJ Campos
Land Conversion, Developing Countries           Michelle Zweede
Biological Pest Control                                      Edson Tadeu Lede
Sustainable Forestry                                         Roger Villalobos
Nontraditional Timber Species                           Roger Vilalobos
Economic Development                                     Karen Lee Abt

Forest Ownership, Tenure, and Social Systems

Community-based Management
Jill Belsky and Victoria Sturtevant

Conservation Easements
Chris Zinkhan

Forest Ownership, Tenure and Social Systems
Michael J. Dockry and Holly YoungBear- Tibbetts

Human Values Associated with Forests
Lorraine Lavallee

Indigenous Peoples, Lands, Forests, and Tenure Policies in South America
Marcus Colchester

Industrial Timberland Ownership
Brooks C. Mendell

Migrant Workers
James V. Hamilton

Entries in Preparation

Nonindustrial Private Forests                             Keith Argow
Forest Degradation                                            Erich Schaitza
Rural Community Development                          Robert Lee

Forest Policies and Administration 

American Forest Congresses
William Bentley

Best Management Practices
Michael Kilgore

Cerflor: Brazilian National Forest Certification Progam
Peter H. May

Extension Education
Scott Reed and Viviane Simon-Brown

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
Jim Carle

Foreign Direct Investment
Susanna Laaksonen-Craig

Forest Certification
Frederick Cubbage

Forest Policy
Donald Floyd

Forest Sustainability in the United States
John Fedkiw

Forestry Accreditation
Terry Clark

Forestry Incentives
Lloyd Irland

International Banks
José  Rente Nascimiento

Land Development and Conversion: Developed Countries
Ralph Alig

Peru-Amazon Forest Policy
Carlos Soria

Property Tax
Clifford Hickman and John Greene

Public Relations and Environmental Education
Deborah Gangloff

Sustainable Forestry Initiative   
Kathy Abusow and Rick Cantrell

United Nations
D.R. Humphreys

Entries in Preparation

Public Participation and Decision-Making                      Margaret Shannon
Forest Law                                                                     Robert Malmsheimer
Budgeting and Finance                                                 Lenise Lago
Payments for Environmental Services                           Rodrigo Arriagada & Edgar Ortiz
Income Taxes                                                                Deborah Gaddis
International Sustainable Forest Management              Richard Guldin
Professional Associations                                              Michael Goergen
Forest Industry Associations                                         John Heissenbuttel
Trade Treaties and Organizations                                 Rob Hendricks
Value and Supply Chains                                              Dietmar Stoian
Livelihood Theory                                                          Dietmar Stoian
Forest Concessions - Guatemala, Bolivia, Peru            Bastiaan Louman and Fernando Carrera
Model Forests in Latin America                                     Olga Corrales
Forest, Wildlife, and Natural Resource Professionals    Michael Goergen
Forest Ethics                                                                 Olli Saastamoinen
Forest Law Enforcement                                               Laura Mark
International Trade                                                        Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez

Forest Products and Manufacturing

Consumption and Wood Products Substitution
Jim Bowyer

Forest Products Manufacturing
Steve L. Hunter

Housing
David Tilotta and Michael Lee

Life Cycle Inventories and Assessment
Bruce Lippke

Paper
Ronalds Gonzalez and Orlando Rojas

Plantation Wood Quality
Francides Gomes de Silva, Jr. and Luiz Ernesto George Barrichelo

Pulp
Orlando Rojas and Ronalds Gonzalez

Timber and Forest Products
Richard M. Haynes

Treated Wood Products
Tor P. Schultz and Darrel D. Nicholas

Wood Composites and Other Biocomposites
J.E. Winandy and K.E. Skog

Wood Panel Products
Thomas McLain

Wood Quality
Laurence Schimleck and Alexander Clark III

Entries in Preparation

Lumber and Solid Wood                                  Brian Boyd

Current and Historical Issues 

Bitterroot Controversy
Martin Nie

California Fires
Jeremy Fried

Canadian Lumber Trade
John Perez-Garcia

Climate Change, Global Warming, and Forests
Álvaro Vallejo

Climate Change Effects on North American Forests
Steven McNulty

Environmental Non-government Organization (ENGO) Forest Protection Campaigns
Danna Smith and Scot Quaranda

Healthy Forests Restoration Act
Doug MacCleery

The Monongahela Controversy and Decision
Toddi Steelman

Traditional Knowledge and Use
Nancy Turner

Illicit Crops and Forests
Juan Lopez and Frederick Cubbage

Entries in Preparation

Red-Cockaded Woodpecker                              Phil Doerr
Diversity and Equity                                           Shorna Broussard
Southern Forest Resource Assessment             David Wear
Northern Forest Lands                                       David Field

Leading Figures 

Gerardo Budowski
Glenn Galloway

Significant Women in Forestry
Nancy Langston

Helládio do Amaral Mello
Luiz E.G Barrichelo and Walter de Paula Lima

Entries in Preparation

Carl Schenck                                                      John Palmer

Index of all pages (Look under both "pages" and "attachments" tabs for complete list).

The Entries

The articles in the encyclopedia will range between 1,000 to 5,000 words. We will balance short, medium, and long essays, as well as disciplines, regions, and value perspectives of forests. The subjects of tropical to temperate forest in Latin America are likely to be of equal interest to all readers in the Americas, and a web-based encyclopedia should facilitate wider and cheaper distribution of the articles than a traditional book. Thus the encyclopedia will have a reasonable distribution of articles for each region. We will have some core, similar articles for all major regions—Canada, U.S.A., Central America, and South America. But we will avoid replicating the same technical subject titles in four different regions for the entire encyclopedia, so authors should try to write each technical entry broadly to cover the principles that might apply to all regions in the Americas to the extent possible. Subject categories identified are: countries and regions, forest biology and ecology, forest management, forest measurements and monitoring, forest ownership, tenure and social systems, forest policies and administration, forest products and manufacturing, contemporary issues, historical events, and leading figures.

Each author will receive credit for the entry. A title and a subject area/category are assigned, and a list of all entries will be available for reference. For the technical subjects, each author should write a summary of (1) the general definition of the entry; (2) the subjects and technical matters related to that title; (3) the principles of how this subject is used and applied in forests and forestry in the Americas; and (4) issues and developments in this technical field. A few titles may be similar (e.g., recreation), but should be differentiated by the focus on their subject area. (e.g., forest measurements vs. forest management).

For entries related to specific countries or regions, authors should (1) briefly summarize some data about the country; (2) discuss broad forest types; and (3) discuss current issues and trends in forest retention, management and protection. For historical events and people, a simple summary of their contribution to the discipline or to forest management should be adequate. For forestry issues, a balanced discussion of the implicit values and social forces causing such issues, the merits of different views, and prospects for future development seems reasonable. Entry authors do have considerable latitude, but these guidelines should provide a basis for first drafts that will meet the goals of the encyclopedia.

Review Process

All entries will be undergo a sequential submission, review, posting, and further review process. Articles will first be submitted and reviewed by one of the Associate Editors or the Editor before being posted to the web site in initial form, perhaps with technical changes being required.  Second, entries will be reviewed by colleagues who are contributing to the encyclopedia or by SAF/ISTF members for technical comments and suggestions.  These secondary review comments will be provided to the for the authors to revise and update the article.  The encyclopedia will use English as the preferred language, but Spanish or Portuguese are acceptable if appropriate for the entry and region.  As such, grammatical correctness and editing are the joint responsibility of the author and the respective Associate Editor most familiar with the language and the subject matter.  We will use the Journal of Forestry author (date) citation form, with alphabetic references at the end of the entries for cited works or for useful references.

 

Citation Format

Works in this Forestry Encyclopedia may be cited as:  Author Last  Name,  First Name.  Year.  Entry title.   In: Forests and Forestry in the Americas: An Encyclopedia.  Edited by: F. W. Cubbage.  Society of American Foresters and International Society of Tropical Foresters. Accessed at: http://forestryencyclopedia.jot.com/WikiHome.  Date, month, and year accessed.

 

Timing and Contributions

This work is under construction as of March 2008.  We are continuing to post articles that have been submitted, and are seeking authors and articles to continue to expand our coverage and content.  We have identified more than 300 subjects that cover much of the subject of forests and forestry in the Americas, and have articles or commitments for almost half of those entries. 

A complete list of subjects identified for whom we are seeking authors is attached as a sub-page and listed on the attached spreadsheet below, or is available from Fred Cubbage for authors who want to contribute, or we will consider volunteer articles and entries.

Contact:  fred.cubbage@yahoo.com

Funding and Support

Shared funding and support for this encyclopedia has been provided by the USDA Forest Service, Region 5; North Carolina State University, the Society of American Foresters, and the International Society of Tropical Foresters.


V #52; 28 February 2008