Agroforestry
WikiHome Agroforestry P. K. Ramachandran Nair, University of Florida Andrew M. Gordon, University of Guelph    Introduction Agroforestry has been defined in various ways. The World Agroforestry Centre (www.icraf.cgiar ...

Allowable Cut Effect
WikiHome Allowable Cut and Allowable Cut Effect  Joseph RoiseNorth Carolina State University    The Allowable Cut is the volume of timber that can be harvested each year under a planned ...

American Forests Table

Argentina
WikiHome Argentina Patricio MacDonaghUniversidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina   Argentina, with an area of 3.7 million square kilometers and a population of 33 million has outstanding natural resources. This ...

Authors and Subjects Sought

Best Management Practices
 WikiHome Best Management Practices Michael A. Kilgore Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Introduction  Forestry best management practices, or BMPs, represent a compilation of technically feasible and politically acceptable ...

Bitterroot Controversy
WikiHome The Bitterroot Controversy Martin NieUniversity of Montana The Bitterroot controversy was a major flashpoint in American environmental history that engendered significant changes to national forest policy.  It served ...

Brazil
WikiHome Brazil Joesio Deoclecio Pieren Siqueira and Mara Freire Rodrigues Souza Universidade Federal do Paraná  Gabriel Penno Saraiva STCP Consultant     1- Country Data   1.1. - General Indicators   Brazil (officially known ...

California Fires
WikiHome California Fires Jeremy FriedUSDA Forest Service When hearing news of wildfires threatening homes, even before hearing the details of where this is happening, California is likely to come ...

Canadian Lumber Trade
WikiHome Canadian Lumber Trade John Perez-GarciaUniversity of Washington Canada’s vast forestlands are capable of producing an amount of timber that supports lumber, panel and pulp production in ...

Chile: Forest Species and Stand Types
WikiHome Forest Species and Stand Types of Chile  Pablo J. Donoso and Claudio DonosoDepartment of Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Sciences,  Universidad Austral de Chile  Introduction Chile is geographically known ...

Climate Change and Forests
WikiHome Climate Change, Global Warming, and Forests Álvaro VallejoCATIE The Context There is now enough evidence to know for sure that Earth’s climate is changing. A suite of ...

Climate Change Effects on Forests in North America
WikiHome Interactions Between Climate Change and Other Environmental Stresses on North American Forest and Rangeland Health Steven McNultyUSDA Forest Service Abstract Forests and rangelands are socially, ecologically and economically ...

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Community-based Management
WikiHome Community-based Management Jill M. Belsky, University of Montana  Victoria Sturtevant, Southern Oregon University  Introduction  Community-based management (CBM) refers to local or grassroots groups of people who have ...

Conservation Easements
WikiHome Conservation Easements  Chris ZinkhanThe Forestland Group, LLC  Definition  A conservation easement is a recorded legal agreement between a landowner and a land trust or governmental agency that perpetually ...

Consumption and Wood Products Substitution
WikiHome Consumption and Environmental ConcernsJim BowyerDovetail Partners, Inc. & University of MinnesotaIn view of the fact that consumption has long been identified as a key determinant of environmental ...

Costa Rica
WikiHome Costa Rica Róger Villalobos, David QuirósCATIE   Country Information Costa Rica has a continental area of 5 110 000 hectares (ha) (51 100 km2), although its marine area is ...

Development of Forestry and Plantations in Argentina
WikiHome Development of Forestry and Plantations in Argentina Hugo FassolaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria   At the beginning of the 20th century the National Government of Argentina was the major ...

Education: Extension
Education: Extension A. Scott Reed and Viviane Simon-Brown Introduction  The origin of Extension has its roots in early American history when an agricultural nation chose to organize special universities ...

Effects of Forest Management on Wildlife
WikiHome Effects of Forest Management on Wildlife   Christopher MoormanNorth Carolina State University The central thesis of game management is this: game can be restored by the creative use of ...

Environmental Forest Protection Campaigns
WikiHome Environmental Non-government Organization (ENGO) Market-Based Forest Protection Campaigns Danna Smith and Scot QuarandaDogwood Alliance Background Environmental Non-government Organizations (ENGOs) are private institutions that are independent ...

Environmental Impact Assessment
WikiHome Environmental Impact Assessments Gary BlankNorth Carolina State University   Definition of Environmental Impact Assessment As typically understood, environmental impact assessment refers to systematic processes for examining the potential results ...

Exotic Forest Plantations
WikiHome Exotic Forest Plantations Jesús A. Espinoza  and Ronalds W. GonzalezNorth Carolina State University Introduction Exotic species have several definitions; some researchers define exotic species as trees growing in ...

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
WikiHome Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the Americas  Jim Carle Food and Agriculture Organization   FAO  Since its founding in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization of ...

Financial Analysis
WikiHome Financial Analysis Larry Teeter Auburn University Timber management is inherently a long term proposition, so an appreciation of the fact that benefits received in the future are less valuable ...

Financial Incentives
WikiHomeFinancial Incentives/Subsidies Lloyd C. Irland Lecturer and Senior Scientist, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studiesand The Irland Group, Wayne, Maine Across the Americas, governments have used ...

Foreign Direct Investment
WikiHome Foreign Direct Investment Susanna Laksonnen-CraigUniversity of Toronto Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is typically defined as a lasting interest of a resident entity in one economy – the direct ...

Forest Biotechnology: Drawbacks and Myths
WikiHome Forest Biotechnology: Drawbacks and Myths Neil CarmanSierra Club Forest biotechnology raises concerns because certain areas such as genetic engineering pose serious challenges to natural forest ecosystems compared to ...

Forest Economics
WikiHome Forest Economics Janaki Alavalapati University of Florida Definitions Forest Economics is a discipline that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of forest products and services. It characterizes the mental ...

Forest Ethics
WikiHome Forest Ethics Olli SaastamoinenUniversity of Joensuu   Morality and Ethics   Forest ethics is about moral values and norms on the relationships between human beings and forests. Moral values and ...

Forest Health Monitoring
WikiHome Forest Health Monitoring Borys TkaczUSDA Forest Service   Issues with concerns of the health of the nation’s forests in the past led to calls for the creation of ...

Forest Inventory and Analysis
WikiHome Forest Inventory and Analysis  Gregory ReamsUSDA Forest Service, USA   The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S. Forest Service has been in continuous operation since ...

Forest Inventory and Sampling
WikiHome Forest Inventory and Sampling Design Bastiaan Louman   A forest inventory enumerates all goods of interest to a forest manager in a previously determined forest area. These goods may vary ...

Forest Ownership, Tenure and Social Systems
WikiHome  Forest Ownership, Tenure, and Social SystemsIndigenous/Native Tribes: Owners and Rights, USA  Michael J. Dockry and Holly YoungBear-Tibbetts College of Menominee Nation  Introduction While it is certainly ...

Forest Policy
WikiHome Forest PolicyDonald W. FloydUniversity of New Brunswick Forest Policy Defined Forest policy is what governments choose to do or not do about forests within their jurisdiction1 ...

Forest Sustainability
WikiHome Status of Sustainability for Forests in the United States John Fedkiw USDA Forest Service, Volunteer The United Nations defined sustainability in terms of its broad purpose in1987 (World Commission ...

Forest Valuation and Net Pesent Value
WikiHome Forest Valuation and the Net Present Value Concept in Forestry Economics Guillermo NavaroCATIE Net Present Value Concept as a Tool for Analysis in the Investment Theory Investment theory ...

Forestry Accreditation
WikiHome Accreditation of Forestry Programs  Terry Clark Society of American Foresters   In 1934, the President of the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and professor at Yale University, H. H. Chapman ...

Forestry and Income Taxation
WikiHome Forestry and Income Taxation  Deborah GaddisMississippi State University   The production of commercial timber species in the United States by non-industrial forest landowners is subject to the income ...

Genetic or Gene Conservation
WikiHome Genetic or Gene Conservation W. S. DvorakNorth Carolina State University   Genetic conservation or gene conservation refers to the protection of diversity in forest tree species or populations that ...

Gerardo Budowski
WikiHome  Gerardo Budowski Glenn Galloway CATIE Dr. Gerardo Budowski, of Venezuelan nationality, has been one of the best-known and widely respected scientists in Latin America devoted to tropical ecology ...

Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
WikiHomeGuyana, Suriname and French Guiana Bastiaan LoumanDirector WWF-CEDEFOR project Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are three small countries in the North of South America that together are ...

Hardwood Stand Improvement Cutting
WikiHome Hardwood Management: Stand Improvement Cutting in Natural Stands of Temperate Hardwood Forests   Douglas Frederick, North Carolina State UniversityPablo Donoso, Universidad Austral de Chile   Introduction  Improvement cutting in natural ...

Harvest Scheduling
WikiHome Harvest Scheduling Joseph RoiseNorth Carolina State University   Harvest Scheduling is the decision making process that specifies where to harvest, when to harvest and how much to harvest each ...

Harvesting Wood in Brazil
WikiHome Harvesting Wood in Brazil Jorge Roberto MalinovskiRicardo Anselmo MalinovskiRafael Alexandre Malinovski Brazil   Brazil started  most of their forest plantation in 1965 with support from government incentives programs ...

Haynes Timber Tables
Table 1--Apparent roundwood consumption in the United States, by species group and product, 1952-2010  Species group                  and product 1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1996 2002 2010       Billion cubic ...

Healthy Forests Restoration Act
WikiHome  The Healthy Forests Restoration Act Douglas W. MacCleery USDA Forest Service     In December 2003, President George W. Bush signed the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) (P.L. 108-148 ...

High Conservation Value Forests
WikiHome High Conservation Value Forests Jeffrey Hayward Rainforest Alliance   The concept of High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF) was developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 1999. After some years ...

Housing
WikiHome Housing in the Americas   David Tilotta and Michael LeeWood Products Extension, North Carolina State UniversityWood Products Extension Safe, comfortable, and affordable housing is a basic human desire ...

Human Values
WikiHome Human Values Associated With Forests  Loraine Lavallee Introduction Forest ecosystems have enormous significance to human civilizations.  Housing a staggering array of plants and animals, forests have sustained countless groups ...

Illicit Crops and Forests
  WikiHome Effects of Illicit Crops and Illegal Drug Markets on Forests and People Juan Lopez and Frederick Cubbage North Carolina State University   Illicit crops and illegal markets for drugs are ...

Industrial Timberland Ownership
WikiHome Industrial Timberland Ownership: Trends and Current Status in the U.S.A. Brooks C. Mendell, Ph.D.FORISK Consulting  Introduction  While estimates of industrial ownership range from only 9 ...

Integrated Pest Management
WikiHome Integrated Pest Management Fred P. Hain North Carolina State University   Integrated pest management (IPM) in a forest ecosystem is the process of managing a forest with all available tools ...

International Banks-Nascimento
WikiHome International BanksJose Nascimiento International banks, or multilateral development banks, are financial organizations that belong to the governments of a set of countries and are concerned with the increase ...

Life Cycle Inventories and Assessment
WikiHomeLCI/LCA:  Life Cycle Inventories and Assessment Bruce LippkeCollege of Forest Resources, University of Washington, and President CORRIM, the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials  Environmental performance ...

Measurement of Trees, Forests, and Forest Products- Burkhart
WikiHome Measurement of Trees, Forests, and Forest Products   Harold E. Burkhart Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  Quantitative sciences such as mathematics and statistics are used in the measurement of ...

Mexico
WikiHome The Forests of Mexico:  Sustaining Mexico’s Cultural, Biological and Economic Values for the Future Heather Huppe International Forestry Consultant Introduction Famous for beach resorts and deserts, Mexico actually ...

Migrant Workers
WikiHome Migrant Workers James V. Hamilton, PhDInstructor of Forestry, Haywood Community College, North Carolina In the United States, migrant workers historically have played a role in filling labor needs ...

Minority Landowners and Forestry
WikiHome Minority Landowners and Forestry Shorna R. Broussard  Introduction The quality of life, economic health, and environmental quality of many communities across the United States are closely tied to forest ...

Northeast United States
WikiHome Forestry in the United States Northeast Perry Hagenstein The forests of the Northeast stretch from West Virginia and Maryland northeastward through Maine.  At the time of the first European ...

Nothofagus dombeyi
Nothofagus dombeyi stand

Paper
WikiHome Paper Ronalds W. Gonzalez and Orlando J. RojasNorth Carolina State University Paper has been one of the greatest world inventions; the role that it has played in our ...

Paraguay
WikiHome Paraguay Gregory E. Frey and Victor C. Vidal Geography and Economy Paraguay, a landlocked country in the Southern Cone region of South America, has a past and present tied ...

Payments for Environmental Services
WikiHomePayments for Environmental ServicesRodrigo A. ArriagadaNorth Carolina State University Edgar OrtizInstituto Technológico de Costa Rica  Forests and Provision of Ecosystem Services   A new paradigm is ...

Peru
WikiHome  Peru  Bastiaan Louman Director WWF-CEDEFOR project  Peru covers an area of about 128 million hectares in the Northwest of South America. It can roughly be subdivided into three ...

Peru- Amazon Forest Policy
WikiHome  Peru - Amazon Forest Policy Carlos Soria   Peru’s forest sector represents 1 per cent of Peru’s US$52,000 million GDP. 49% of Peru forest exports are round ...

Plantation Wood Quality
WikiHome Wood Quality from Plantation Forests  Francides Gomes da Silva Jr., Esalq, Universidade do Saõ Paulo, Brasil Luiz Ernesto George Barrichelo, IPEF, Brasil Quality is a word or term that ...

Property Tax
WikiHome Property Tax Clifford A. Hickman and John L. GreeneUSDA Forest Service   Introduction  Property tax is the most important source of revenue for most local units of government.  It ...

Public Relations and Environmental Education
WikiHome Public Relations and Environmental Education   Deborah GangloffAmerican Forests Environmental education and public relations are the two major ways in which the general public is informed on issues of ...

Pulp
WikiHome Pulp Orlando J. Rojas and Ronalds W. Gonzalez North Carolina State University   Introduction Pulp is the raw material used to make paper by mixing it with water forming a ...

Quebec
WikiHome                                                                                                Québec   Yves Claveau, Christian Messier, and Julie Poulin Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal Description Location.—The province of Québec is located in the eastern part ...

Red-cockaded Woodpecker
WikiHome Managing Forests with Endangered Wildlife: The Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Phillip D. Doerr, PhD Managing forested landscapes when landowner objectives include wood products (e.g., timber, straw), wildlife ...

Reforestation
WikiHomeReforestationGlenn GallowayCATIE By definition, reforestation refers to the establishment of a tree crop or stand on land on which a forest was present within the last fifty ...

Significant Women
WikiHome Significant Women in Foresty Nancy Langston University of Wisconsin   One might expect an entry titled “Significant Women in Forestry” to be quite short, because few women have been particularly ...

Silvics
WikiHome Silvics Robert Teskey University of Georgia Definition Silvics is the term used for the characteristics that define the life history, growth, behavior and ecology of a tree species.  It ...

Silvicultural Systems, Silvicultural Operations, and Pathways
WikiHome  Silvicultural Systems, Silvicultural Operations, and Pathways  Chad Oliver and Glenn Galloway Yale University and CATIE   The term “silvicultural systems” have historically been used to characterize the options available for ...

Silvopastoral Systems in Latin America
WikiHome Silvopastoral Systems in Latin America   Ing. Agr. (PhD) Gustavo Alvaro Ferreira De MattosDirector RegionalInstituto Nacional de  Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)Tacuarembó, Uruguay  Introduction Silvopastoral systems are a deliberate ...

Southern Forest Resource Assessment
WikiHome Southern Forest Resource Assessment David N. Wear and John G. Greis The Southern Forest Resource Assessment (SFRA) was initiated in the spring of 1999 to address broad questions concerning ...

Southwest United States
WikiHome United States SouthwestMarlin Johnson Description and Administration Southwestern United States forests and woodlands have developed largely along lines of local climates defined by elevational zones.  At the lower ...

Stand Development
WikiHome  Stand Development Chad OliverYale University A stand is a contiguous, distinguishable group of trees with a relatively uniform age distribution, composition, structure, and soil condition (Helms 1998).  The ...

Sustainable Forestry Initiative
WikiHome The Sustainable Forestry Initiative^® (SFI) Program  Kathy Abusow and Rick Cantrell Sustainable Forestry Initiative   The SFI^® program is an internationally endorsed forest certification program that is positively influencing the ...

The Brazilian Amazon
WikiHome The Brazilian Amazon A. Veríssimo and M. LentiniAmazon Institute for the People and the Environment (Imazon) Overview The Brazilian Amazon covers about  5 million km² (59% of ...

The Caribbean
WikiHome The Caribbean Kathleen McGinley USDA Forest Service International Institute for Tropical Forestry   Forests in the Caribbean have gone through many changes since the islands were first inhabited more than ...

The Monongahela Controversy
WikiHome The Monongahela Controversy and Decision   Toddi A. SteelmanNorth Carolina State University In November 1973, the Federal District Court of the Northern District of West Virginia curtailed the authority ...

Traditional Knowledge and Use
WikiHomeTraditional Knowledge and Use Nancy J. TurnerSchool of Environmental StudiesUniversity of Victoria Forest ecosystems are integral to human survival and sustenance throughout the Americas, with exception of ...

Tree Improvement
WikiHome                                                                                                                                 Tree Improvement      Claire G.  Williams  Duke University  Definition: Matching tree genetics principles to silvicultural systems Tree improvement refers to the application of forest genetics ...

Tropical Natural Forest Management
WikiHome Natural Forest Management in the Tropics: Adaptive Management, Applied Ecology, Silviculture Francis E. Putz University of Florida   Managers of natural forests in the tropics need to draw on the ...

United Nations
WikiHome  United NationsD.R. Humphreys  The United Nations is a system of intergovernmental organisations that was established in 1945. That same year the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the ...

United Nations- Humphreys
WikiHome United Nations  David Humphreys  The United Nations is a system of intergovernmental organisations that was established in 1945. That same year the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the first ...

United States
WikiHome United States[1] David R. Darr USDA Forest Service retired W. Brad Smith USDA Forest Service Introduction The main landmass of the United States, situated in mid-North America ...

United States Pacific Northwest
WikiHome United States Pacific Northwest Hal SalwasserOregon State University The forest ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest extend without ecological discontinuity into British Columbia, Idaho, Nevada and California.  This overview ...

Venezuela
WikiHome  Venezuela Armando Torres-Lezama  Introduction   Venezuela is a South American country with 912 050 km² and 26.58 millions inhabitants (2005); urban population has been steadily increasing (87 ...

Water Quality
WikiHome WATER QUALITY George IceNational Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Water quality encompasses the physical, chemical, and biological character of water.  Common parameters used to assess water ...

Wildfire
WikiHome Wildfire John A. Stanturf Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Definition and Scope Wildfire is one of three classes of wildland fire, which are any non-structure fire that ...

Wildlife Habitat Assessment
WikiHome Wildlife Habitat Assessment John C. KilgoSouthern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Introduction Wildlife habitat assessment is the evaluation of the relative habitat conditions available to a focal group ...

Wildlife Management
WikiHome Wildlife Management Michael T. Mengak University of Georgia   Humans have manipulated wildlife populations for thousands of years.  Early human objectives were to provide food, clothing, protection, and shelter to ...

Wood Composites
WikiHome Wood Composites and Other Biocomposites J.E. Winandy and K.E. SkogUSDA Forest ServiceWood Composites are made from any fibrous or particulate wood material that is bonded ...

Wood Panel Products
WikiHome Wood Panel Products Thomas E. McLainOregon State University Wood panel products are flat, sometimes curved, sheets made from wood-based materials that are bonded together with an adhesive ...

Wood Quality
WikiHome Wood Quality  Laurence R. SchimleckThe University of Georgia  Alexander Clark IIIUSDA Forest Service  Wood quality can be considered a concept that emphasizes particular wood properties (anatomical, chemical ...